Science Break:
RXJ1131 is an extremely luminous quasar that lies 6 billion light years from us. It's brightness is due to a super massive black hole that resides with it. This composite image of the quasar is made up of multiple images over time. While the image looks like a single object it is not. In the center is an elliptical galaxy that is much closer to us that acts as a gravitional lens bending space and light allowing us to see the quasar and the eceretion disc of the black hole farther in the distance.
(click image to expand)
The pink dot is the quasar in different images over time.
Because of this gravitational lensing, very detailed information on the X-ray spectrum – that is, the amount of X-rays seen at different energies – from RX J1131 is detectable which allows us to get a very accurate value for how fast the black hole is spinning. X-rays are produced when a swirling accretion disk of gas and dust that surrounds the black hole creates a multimillion-degree cloud, or corona near the black hole. X-rays from this corona reflect off the inner edge of the accretion disk. The strong gravitational forces near the black hole alter the reflected X-ray spectrum. The larger the change in the spectrum, the closer the inner edge of the disk must be to the black hole. The closer in the faster the black hole is spinning.
The black hole associated with RXJ1131 is spinning at over half the speed of light.
RXJ1131 is an extremely luminous quasar that lies 6 billion light years from us. It's brightness is due to a super massive black hole that resides with it. This composite image of the quasar is made up of multiple images over time. While the image looks like a single object it is not. In the center is an elliptical galaxy that is much closer to us that acts as a gravitional lens bending space and light allowing us to see the quasar and the eceretion disc of the black hole farther in the distance.
![Direct-Measurement-of-Distant-Black-Holes-Spin.jpg](/proxy.php?image=http%3A%2F%2Fscitechdaily.com%2Fimages%2FDirect-Measurement-of-Distant-Black-Holes-Spin.jpg&hash=6d3694906613db2d11bf95741986e3d9)
(click image to expand)
The pink dot is the quasar in different images over time.
Because of this gravitational lensing, very detailed information on the X-ray spectrum – that is, the amount of X-rays seen at different energies – from RX J1131 is detectable which allows us to get a very accurate value for how fast the black hole is spinning. X-rays are produced when a swirling accretion disk of gas and dust that surrounds the black hole creates a multimillion-degree cloud, or corona near the black hole. X-rays from this corona reflect off the inner edge of the accretion disk. The strong gravitational forces near the black hole alter the reflected X-ray spectrum. The larger the change in the spectrum, the closer the inner edge of the disk must be to the black hole. The closer in the faster the black hole is spinning.
The black hole associated with RXJ1131 is spinning at over half the speed of light.