Which specific by-law(s) did the NCAA show they broke?
Oddly specific question. I say this because as you full well know I never claimed the “NCAA showed they broke” by-laws. All I said was that UNC broke by-laws, and more importantly willfully broke the fundamental principles of the organization itself.
The NCAA abdicated their responsibility & authority in this case. I don’t even know that they ever actually did a real investigation. Instead they inexplicably continued to allow UNC to create one sham “self-investigation” after another, which includes the limited Wainstein Report which the NOA was based on.
As I have argued in the past, I reject the assumption that a specific by-law needs to be broken in order to punish a school. The NCAA manual is not the penal code. It’s a document which outlines the principles of the organization and (through their voluntary membership) the schools agree to these core principles.
There are rules, to be sure, but most of those relate to recruiting, amateurism, financial aid, playing/practice time limitations etc. Most of the rules are designed around putting restrictions on student-athletes themselves. The implicit assumption is that the organization itself doesn’t require a lot of specific rules because they are expected to be adhering to the core principles of the NCAA already.
In other words the manual from the perspective of the school is more a set of principles and guidelines as opposed to a strict set of specific rules.
Having said all that, there are indeed some specific by-laws & requirements that the school itself is required to do which they were not IMO in keeping with NCAA expectations.
In particular every year schools are required to file a certificate confirming that each athlete meets all requirements & is eligible to participate. By filing these fraudulently (regardless of whether they knew better or not) they were breaking the by-law.
There’s a number of such examples. I suggest you read the NCAA manual itself and pay special attention to the core principles but also to Article 10 Ethical Conduct, Article 12 Amateurism & Athletics Eligibility and Article 14 Academic Eligibility.