I am for less government spending before raising more taxes. The current tax level should be enough to cover current spending. I would start by going after the billions wasted on government programs. Medicaid/Medicare alone account for $50-$60 Billion in fraud every year according to the FBI. That's 10% of the current deficit right there. Get rid of all the social security disability cheats and you nearly fix the revenue shortfall in that program. Government pensions and benefits are much higher than the private sector. Those need to be brought to market levels. Get rid of wasteful military spending on those programs that the pentagon doesn't even want but that congress force onto them. These are just a few examples of spending cuts.
Yes, I want some but not all of the 50% who are not paying income tax to contribute a little more in tax. We need more people with skin in the game. I especially want people who make a living doing illegal things like prostitution, drug dealing, illegal gambling, etc. to pay into the system. Those people don't file tax returns. The best way to do this would be a change in our tax system. I would reduce the income tax rates and apply it to only the top 10%-15% of taxpayers. Then I would add a national sales tax (like Europe's VAT) to make up for the lost revenue. Tax consumption more and earnings less. A national sales tax is also much harder to cheat than our current system so you gain extra revenue from less cheating. Food, clothing and shelter would be exempt from the tax (that is where the poor spend almost all their money). This would keep the system from being regressive. At least that's one idea.
I agree with a lot of this, but as I said above we could probably get close to a balanced budget and even a surplus, on the revenue side by simply reforming the 70,000 page tax code to get ride of a lot of the exclusions, loop holes and corporate welfare, without having to initiate any new forms of taxation, or increases. However there are some good arguments for abolishing the federal income tax and replacing it with a VAT or national sales tax.
One thing I disagree with is that the bottom 50% don't pay taxes. They may not pay federal income taxes but if you add up the taxes they do pay including payroll taxes, sales tax, excise tax, fuel tax etc., they pay a larger portion of their income to the government that any other group.