"Although the first German-born settler arrived in 1817, significant German immigration to Louisville did not occur until steamboat travel was possible in the 1830s," the Ullriches wrote. "By 1840, the German population of Louisville was large enough that entire German-speaking neighborhoods existed east of downtown ... Germans had established their own churches, bilingual schools, and kindergartens. By 1850, social and benevolent organizations, such as singing societies, orphans' societies, and a Turnverein (athletic club), were thriving as well."
"But cultural and religious differences between the immigrants and the long-established English-speaking population (Nativists) erupted in the election day riots of August 6, 1855 when Nativists tried to prevent immigrants from voting. At least 22 persons were killed that day, which became known as 'Bloody Monday.' Many German immigrants left Louisville after Bloody Monday ..."